China and the European Union

China's relationship with the European Union (EU) is increasingly strained due to geopolitical tensions, particularly surrounding the Russia-Ukraine conflict. The EU's unilateral sanctions against Chinese firms, perceived as long-arm jurisdiction, reflect broader concerns about China's role in supporting Russia. This situation is exacerbated by rising far-right political forces within the EU, which may push for a more aggressive stance against China, complicating trade relations and cooperation on critical issues like green technology.

Demographically, the EU faces challenges such as inflation and energy shortages, which could influence its economic policies and relations with China. The EU's de-risking strategy aims to reduce dependence on China for essential goods and technology, potentially leading to a more defensive posture in trade negotiations. This shift could hinder collaborative efforts in sectors like electric vehicles, where Chinese companies are already facing tariffs and scrutiny.

Geographically, China's strategic investments in infrastructure have fostered mutual distrust, impacting EU perceptions of security and economic stability. NATO's characterization of China as a "decisive enabler" of the Russia-Ukraine conflict further complicates the security landscape, as it positions China as a systemic challenge to Euro-Atlantic security.

Politically, the EU's collective will is crucial in shaping its approach to China, with member states like Hungary advocating for cooperation rather than confrontation. However, the rise of right-wing politics may lead to a more cautious and punitive approach, particularly regarding trade and environmental policies. As both sides navigate these complex dynamics, the potential for constructive dialogue remains, but is increasingly challenged by underlying tensions and divergent strategic interests.